Define hades greek11/3/2023 When he carried off Persephone from the upper world, he rode in a golden chariot drawn by four black immortal horses. 35), where he had his palace and shared his throne with his consort Persephone. The ensign of his power was a staff, with which, like Hermes, he drove the shades into the lower world (Pind. 567), and the sacrifices which were offered to him and Persephone consisted of black male and female sheep, and the person who offered the sacrifice had to turn away his face. When mortals invoked him, they struck the earth with their hands ( Il. 4), that no shade might be able to escape or return to the region of light. 158.) He kept the gates of the lower world closed (whence he is called Pulartês, Il. § 2.) His character is described as fierce and inexorable, whence of all the gods he was most hated by mortals. § 1.) Ancient story mentions both gods and men who were honoured by Hades with the temporary use of this helmet. 845), and later traditions stated that this helmet was given him as a present by the Cyclopes after their delivery from Tartarus. He possessed a helmet which rendered the wearer invisible ( Il. 61, &c.), and it was only the oaths and curses of men that reached his ears, as they reached those of the Erinnyes. 31.) But when Hades was in his own kingdom, he was quite unaware of what was going on either on earth or in Olympus ( Il. As, however, the earth and Olympus belonged to the three brothers in common, he might ascend Olympus, as he did at the time when he was wounded by Heracles. § 1.) Hence he is called the infernal Zeus (Zeus katachthonios), or the king of the shades (anae enerôn, Hom. In the division of the world among the three brothers, Hades obtained "the darkness of night," the abode of the shades, over which he rules. He was married to Persephone, the daughter of Demeter. Hades is a son of Cronus and Rhea, and a brother of Zeus and Poseidon. The etymology of Hades is uncertain: some derive it from a-idein, whence it would signify "the god who makes invisible," and others from hadô or chadô so that Hades would mean "the allembracer," or "all-receiver." The Roman poets use the names Dis, Orcus, and Tartarus as synonymous with Pluton, for the god of the lower world. Hence we find that in ordinary life and in the mysteries the name Pluton became generally established, while the poets preferred the ancient name Aides or the form Pluteus. 403) observes that people preferred calling him Pluton (the giver of wealth) to pronouncing the dreaded name of Hades or Aides. HADES or PLUTON (Haidês, Ploutôn or poetically Aïdês, Aidôneus and Ploutens), the god of the lower world. MELINOE (by Persephone) (Orphic Hymn 71) THE ERINYES (Statius Thebaid 12.557 & 11.47) THE ERINYES (by Persephone) (Orphic Hymns 29.6 70.3) KRONOS & RHEA (Hesiod Theogony 453, Homer Iliad 15.187, Apollodorus 1.4, Diodorus Siculus 5.68.1, Hyginus Pref) OFFSPRING The Romans named him Dis, or Pluto, the Latin form of his Greek title Plouton, "the Lord of Riches." He was depicted as either Aidoneus, enthroned in the underworld, holding a bird-tipped sceptre, or as Plouton (Pluton), the giver of wealth, pouring fertility from a cornucopia. Haides was depicted as a dark-bearded, regal god. However, since she had tasted of the pomegranate seed, she was forced to return to him for a portion of each year. Zeus was forced to concede lest mankind perish, and the girl was fetched forth from the underworld. When Demeter learned of this, she was furious and caused a great dearth to fall upon the earth until her daughter was returned. However, knowing that the goddess would resist the marriage, he assented to the forceful abduction of the girl. The god offered him Persephone, the daughter of Demeter. Haides desired a bride and petitioned his brother Zeus to grant him one of his daughters. When the three victorious brothers then drew lots for the division of the cosmos, Haides received the third portion, the dark dismal realm of the underworld, as his domain. Zeus later caused the Titan to disgorge them, and together they drove the Titan gods from heaven and locked them away in the pit of Tartaros. Haides was devoured by Kronos (Cronus) as soon as he was born, along with four of his siblings. Haides was also the god of the hidden wealth of the earth, from the fertile soil with nourished the seed-grain, to the mined wealth of gold, silver and other metals. He presided over funeral rites and defended the right of the dead to due burial. HAIDES (Hades) was the king of the underworld and god of the dead. Pluto, Dis Hades and Persephone, Apulian red-figure amphora C4th B.C., British Museum
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